Author

John Micheal

Browsing

Social Security offers a benefit to eligible retirees who have contributed a certain amount of work to the Social Security Fund throughout their lives. Social Security can also provide benefits to their dependents. The potential beneficiaries are surviving spouses, along with children, dependent parents, and grandchildren. Dependents can be eligible to receive payments up to 70% to 100%, based on the qualified retirees’ benefits. So, retirees’s social security number is essential in their life. To protect it from identity theft or lost, contact alldocuments and make a replacement copy of your card.

Benefits for the Spouses of Retirees

The retiree who is collecting Social Security benefits can be eligible to get spousal benefits. The spousal payment can be equal to up to one-half of the monthly payments of the retiree. To obtain the benefits, the retiree must be at least 62 years old or caring for a child whose age is under 16 years or is disabled. The person needs to entitle to receive benefits on the work record.

If your earnings records mean you have done a lot more, you may be eligible to receive larger for spousal benefits from Social Security. But, if you are still working along with receiving benefits early from SSA may be reduced your payments further because you cross your limits of earnings. Once you reach your retirement age, this law no longer applies.

Benefits for Surviving Spouses

Widows or widowers also can obtain Social Security benefits based on their spouse’s SS benefits. You must reach your normal retirement age to receive these benefits. Surviving spouses can be eligible to receive 100% of their deceased spouse’s benefits by the SSA. First, they need to meet their normal retirement age, like at least 60. If anyone delays receiving benefits, which results in higher monthly payments.

Besides, a younger surviving spouse can get a benefit if they are caring for a child of a deceased worker. The child must be under 16 years of age or disabled to receive the benefits. Depending on the income record of the late spouse, the person can collect 75% benefit from the SSA.

Benefits for Divorced Spouses

If you have been separated after living with your spouse for at least ten years, you may be eligible to receive the equivalent of one-half of the divorced spouse’s benefits. The rules are similar to both parties to receive benefits. There can be an exception if you are receiving benefits before divorcing your former spouse, then you won’t be allowed to collect SS benefits.

However, you must be at least 62 years old, and your divorce must be finalized with at least two years. You have to be the first marriage if your spouse had more than one marriage. Each marriage would not allow receiving benefits; SSA will only choose the former marriage who lived at least ten years with a spouse.

Benefits for Children and Grandchildren

Children can be eligible for benefits as a dependent of a surviving parent or a survivor of a deceased worker who collects Social Security retirement or disability benefits. For these purposes, children need to meet some criteria such as their years will be under 18 and will be unmarried. If they are age of 19 and still in school, they will be qualified to collect benefits till the date of graduation or two months after their 19th Birthday.

The benefit payments for the kids will not reduce the living parent’s retirement benefits. The amount of the payments the kids could obtain, adjusted to the parent’s benefits, will increase the parent’s monthly payments. Besides, a dependent child can get up to half of the benefit of a living parent who receives SS benefits. If the parent was deceased, the surviving child would be eligible to get up to 75% of the SS benefit dependent on the parent’s earning records done through their lifetime.

Grandchildren can also be qualified to receive SS benefits if the children lost their parents and are dependent on their grandparents. The benefit payments will be calculated based on grandparents’ earnings record.

Regal Assets is a top lading metal and gold investment company in the united stated. It obtains spotless names in the market, and it wishes to meet all want of the client without meeting any trouble of it. It runs with the experts’ help in the gold-backed IRA programs, so it gives a hand for the investor to be safe and increase the high profit. The Regal Assets ranked as the top company among the 500 lists, and the stock market is completed based on paper-based, which is much safer than other methods. This company deals in both sell and buys such gold, silver, and it assures to provide the best support to make money on investing such a company from here. It provides leap in the best gold portfolio management via by these years. 

 What are the pros of regal assets?

  • It has a first-class track record that fulfills almost every customer.
  • It has segregated storage support, which assists in protecting your gold and other material more safely.
  • It collects reasonable price in the market up to $15- per annually
  • This company follows the fast and right shipping processing, assuring to meet all wants of the client.
  • It is well known for all skills regarding the IRS to reliable and trustworthy support for the company.
  • It has flat-rate fees, and it will waive off for the gold from the start years.

Therefore it becomes the right option for the people to spend the money on this platform.

 An important reason to hire Regal Assets:

 The Regal Assets allows the customer to surround their valuable data before moving to the next step w with their earned money to be invested. They never force anyone into the sale, and they give assure purity bullion for the IRA, which gets approved by the company. This company offers the end number of storage by insurance at the most friendly price. It has high transparency in part of the fee and commission charge. Hence it becomes more comfortable for the customer to go with the right option.

Business growth depends on the quality of services/products and the satisfaction rate of customers. In this evolving digital world, setting up advanced IT infrastructure is becoming an integral part of enterprises and other small and medium businesses in order to provide high-quality services. Besides that, often companies upgrade their infrastructure with new PCs, system updates, or other improvements to keep the IT infrastructure latest and efficient. In all such scenarios, the user files, documents, and settings are required to be migrated and re-adjusted into the new environment. This requires a lot of time, while the efficiency of the migration is also a big concern. Therefore, companies prefer to find a way to upgrade their PCs and perform PCs migration in minimal time with fewer resources. Compared to all the free and paid PC migration tools available in the market, the Tranxition PC migration tool known as Migration Manager is the solution to all PC migration challenges. Migration Manager has earned global respect owing to its migration speed, simple configurability, deep persona scanning, and accuracy.

Migration Manager Functionalities

Migration Manager is an ideal Windows PC migration software that provides features rich functionalities. Following are the different functionalities of Migration Manager that enable companies to supersede all PC migration challenges:

  • It provides super-fast migration speed, which makes it transfer 10GB of user files, documents, and other data in just 29 minutes.
  • It performs in-depth scanning of user personas that includes migrating user files and documents, Windows settings (control panel, Windows Explorer, taskbar, local printer logging, network and shared printer connections, and many more). The user files and settings can be captured from Windows 7, 8, and 10.
  • It is easy to configure, along with an engaging user interface.
  • It migrates settings among different versions of an application or on the same version on different systems. Besides that, it can be customized for other applications support.
  • For large-scale migrations, it facilitates by offering fully-automated functionality, where no user intervention will be required.
  • It integrates with Kaseya, SCCM, KACE, Solar Winds, and others.
  • It provides NSA AES-256 encryption and backups changes before migration.

Common Migration Manager Work Scenarios

With our one million lines of coding and immense features, Migration Manager is serving a diverse range of industries. The common work scenarios of Migration Manager are as follow:

  • IT directed migrations
  • Regular PC refresh
  • Domain changes
  • User-initiated migrations
  • Mergers and acquisitions
  • Settings and files backup
  • Management of systems and network
  • And many more.

Migration Manager is used by enterprises to perform hundreds of PC migrations flawlessly. Many enterprises have stated that the Migration Manager performed all the migrations without a single error. Similarly, small and medium businesses use Migration Manager owing to its low-cost licensing, in-depth migration, and other exceptional features. IT services firms and MSPs are also using Migration Manager to get a competitive advantage by providing user persona migration to their customers.

Any natural or legal person can become an investor in units of securitization funds on the platform as long as they meet the following criteria:

Reside in another country, but be of nationality from the Economic Area or an Equivalent country. Reside in a country of the Economic Area or an Equivalent country.

  • Transparency in the diligence in terms of customer knowledge (KYC) and the delivery of proof of identity.

Have legal capacity, except for the specific case of minor clients (specific procedure).

  • To be able to be considered as a “professional client on option” within the meaning of the General Regulations of the Financiers.

Be able to invest a minimum of € 1,000 upon registration. Respect the criteria for the fight against money laundering and the financing of terrorism, such as not appearing on the “asset freeze” list. Special treatment is applied to people said to be politically exposed. When it comes to the key investment terms  then this is important.

At least two of the following criteria must be met:

  • Holding a portfolio of financial instruments with a value greater than € 500,000

Carrying out transactions, each of a significant size (i.e. € 600), on financial instruments, at the rate of at least ten per quarter on average over the previous four quarters;

  • Occupation for at least one year, in the financial sector, of a professional position requiring knowledge of investing in financial instruments.

Beyond the general criteria clearly displayed by investors, there are implicit criteria that underlie their decision to invest or not. It is important that you are aware of this to better understand their expectations.

What are the challenges for investors?

The remuneration that the investor can expect from the investment is of several types:

During the term of the investment, in respect of dividends and possible interest however, in the context of a business creation project, the probability of dividend distribution is very low, insofar as the net accounting income is reinvested in the business in order to finance its development. The interest linked to an investment in the form of bonds generates remuneration, but which is not sufficient in relation to the risks taken,

In the long term, when the securities are resold, any capital gain realized. The remuneration of the private equity company results from the difference between the sale price and the purchase price of each security. This added value depends on the value created by the company in the meantime, and on the appetite of the market at the time of resale.

For the investor, at the level of an investment, the risks to be assessed are therefore the following:

The risk of profitability

Is that the resale of his shares in the company does not allow him to achieve a level of profitability deemed sufficient. To realize a significant capital gain, the selling price must be much higher than the purchase price, and therefore, in the meantime, the company has created more value. A business that would show consistent results, while profitable, would not be a good deal for an investor. The return on the investment for an investor is calculated in the form of the IRR (= Internal Rate of Return), a variable taking into account the amount of the capital gain and the period during which “the investment is blocked”,

 

A value network is a collection of roles and intercommunications that makes a particular business, economic, or social good. Working in teams empowers employees to be more active and efficient in their tasks, as correlated to working on projects independently. Collaborating also makes employees more reliable, which permits a long way in boosting their urge levels, particularly when teams work implicitly.

There is some important point which will help us for better collaboration.

  •  Mission Impact Before Organizational Growth arranges strategy.
  •  Develop Partnerships Based on Trust, Not Control.
  • Support Others Rather Than ourselves.
  •  Construct Constellations, Not Stars.

What is effective networking?

Effective networking is essential to professional growth. Usually blended with trading, networking is truly about developing long-term connections and a good status over time. It entails conference and learning to know people we can assist and potentially help us in return.

Here are some of the benefits we get from Value Networks and Collaborations

  • Intent business associations: Networking is about sharing, not speaking. It is around developing support and helping one another toward aims. Constantly fighting with our meetings and getting chances to support them accommodates to establish the relation. By doing this, we can assist when we need help to achieve our goals.
  •  Interconnected company contacts equal to knowledge gain: ValueNetworksandCollaboration.com is a big possibility to transfer the most beneficial practice knowledge, acquaintance about the business procedures of our peers, and be up-to-date with the newest business developments. A large-scale system of knowledgeable, interconnected meetings means a more extensive path to unique and worthy learning.
  • Get a distinct prospect: It’s simple to get hooked up in every day of our acknowledged department and achieve in a course. By speaking to a colleague in our department or people with expertise in a special area, we can obtain insights from observing a circumstance with fresh eyes. Requiring ideas from meetings we believe or credit can help us see things in a new condition and overwhelm roadblocks that we sway not have understood how to avoid otherwise.

A network or collaboration is a collection of businesses with particular relations, intensities of contacts, and trust. Collaborations and alliances occur within broader networks. As much as networking is profitable to our occupation and indeed, our personal life, the truth is that it doesn’t evolve naturally to many people. In reality, for some, the logic of starting communication with a stranger at a conference or meeting encourages downright dread.

If you’re interested in learning more about how to invest, or how to begin trading stocks and shares, but don’t know where to start, then you are probably weighing up the different financial learning methods.

These include investment courses, investment mentorship programmes, investment courses, formal education routes such as obtaining a bachelor’s degree in finance, or attending evening classes aimed at providing a more practical education on hands-on investing.

I’ll be comparing two options in this informative article, we’ll put investing books and investment courses head-to-head to see which wins most of the time. Spoiler alert: the articles’ title might slightly give my conclusion away, but continue reading to understand how I arrived at this conclusion.

What do I mean by old investment books?

When I describe investment books, what do I mean? There are plenty of paper-based titles which could fit this definition:

  • Bestselling guides to investing sold in book shops
  • Academic textbooks on the financial markets
  • Ebooks or email guides on how to get rich or make money

As you might guess, I need to be exclusive and specific to make this guide useful, so for that purpose, I am only referring to the first option. Investment books are what you will see if you walk into the ‘personal finance’ section of a bookstore. Granted, this will cover a wide array of titles, but this still narrows down the population to a group of books that broadly have the same characteristics.

What do I mean by investing courses?

For this article, an investment course is a course which meets the following criteria:

  • Delivered over multiple sessions – be it live video, pre-recorded video, audio book or physical lectures.
  • Includes an element of self-study and reflection, including a piece of work and an assessment at the final stage of the course.
  • Costs could range between £100 and £2,000

This excludes formal degree courses, which are much more extensive and expensive than this definition. This also excludes cheap £7.99 online courses about investing, which are in effect a paid YouTube video, and aren’t produced with the same editorial standards of an educational provider.

Why Investment Books Triumph

Investment books triumph over investment courses for the following reasons:

Accessibility: Investing books can follow you to work, or be enjoyed in a quiet moment of reflection in the park. Whether you purchase a real book, or grab an ebook to read on a device, you’ll find it easy to fit in reading sessions into your lifestyle. Some investment courses will naturally not be as flexible, because they may include live-elements which will be scheduled (such as in the evening).

Affordability: Once textbooks are ignored, you’ll find that investing books are competitively priced compared with other books. The oldest investment books are also often the cheapest. This is excellent for investors – because in the world of finance – it’s often the oldest ideas which are the most useful. Fads and short-term trends are not a solid basis for a portfolio designed to last for 30 years after all. Investing books can be grabbed for £6 – £25.

Of course, it’s worth remembering that every penny saved on the cost of your education, can be put into the investments themselves!

Have you ever wondered how profitable the vineyard wine industry can be while uncorking a $100 vineyard wine bottle? Have you ever thought about how much does a vineyard wine bottle cost? You will be surprised to know a wine bottle cost ten times lesser than what you pay for it. You can now guess how much the wine industry earns as a whole.

As per a report it was found that in France vineyard market value was $70.5 billion in the year 2019 out of which 67% of vineyard was domestic and 33% was imported. As per the report of SVB Wine Industry consumption of Vineyard in France has gone up steadily from about 370 million gallons in 2000 to 800 million gallons in 2019. If you observe this figure it is almost a 110% increase in volume in just 8 years. If you calculate the increase in the population of France it is hardly 20% over the same period. Needless to say that there has been an impressive overall growth of vineyard in France in the last few years.

Considering the scenario and the consumption of vineyard in the last few years it is predicted that in 2020, it is predicted that the overall growth of the vineyard industry should be between 4% to 8%. In this article, we have come up with some statics of the profit margin of vineyard business in France so that you can understand how lucrative the vineyard business is in France.

What is the profit margin of Vineyard in France?

The price of a vineyard wine bottle and its profit margin depends on the price where it is sold. If you check carefully you will find that the restaurants and bars in France generally have around a 70% profit margin on vineyard whereas the profit margin that retailers earn is usually between 30-50%. When it comes to distributors and wholesalers they earn a profit of about 28% to 30% and the producers of vineyard keep about 50% gross margin. All these happen due to great vineyards in France.

Let’s go through the sales structure of Vineyard in France so that we have a better idea and understanding of how lucrative the vineyard business is.

Sales structure of Vineyard in France

In France, it is observed that the vineyard industry generally has a three-tire sales structure and each tier keeps up its profit margin before it comes to the end-user. The following are the system that the vineyard industry goes through before you can consume it:

Producers of Vineyard

The producers of Vineyards in France are mostly wineries although there are a few importers as well. Generally, it is seen that the producers of Vineyard operate on about 50% gross margins. For example, if a winery sells a case of Vineyard for $100 they make a profit of $50 even after paying the cost of vineyard bottle, administrative expense, taxes, and miscellaneous expenses.

Distributors

Distributors are the middle person in the three-tire structure and they are the persons who obtain the vineyard directly from the producers. Once they obtain the vineyard they keep their profit margin and sell it to the retailers. However, some distributors also sell the vineyard to the general buyers by keeping more profit margin then what they usually do while selling it to the retailers. Generally, it is observed that the distributor keeps a profit margin of about 28% to 30% while selling the vineyard case to the retailers. However, they may charge a little lesser profit margin if the retailers buy in huge quantities. The actual profit margin that the distributor keeps depends on the purchasing power and their relationship with the producers. Sometimes it is seen that when the relationship between the producer and distributor is good or if the distributor is doing the business with the producer for a long time they keep a lesser profit margin with that particular distributor and in such case, the distributor can keep less profit margin from the retailers as well which ultimately makes the cost of vineyard less.

Retailers

Just like any other brand the retailers keep the maximum profit margin while selling the vineyard bottle to the end-users. Generally in France, it is seen that most of the retailers of vineyard aim to make a profit margin of about 30% to 35% although sometimes it can also go up to 50%. In France, it is observed that at this tire vineyard are mostly sold on-premise as well as off-premise. By on-premise establishment, we generally mean the restaurants and bars whereas the wine shops and merchants are included in the off-premise vendors. Hence, if you calculate carefully you will find that the industry standard for the profit margin of vineyard especially at the restaurants and bars is about 70%.

One of the great options for making more profit at the wineries level is to directly sell the vineyard to the customers. Whenever any customer buys any type of vineyard bottle at the winery stage they generally have to pay the full retail price for it and all the profit that is usually made at the distributor and retailer level goes straight to the winery.

If you observe the sales cycle of the vineyard in France at the distributor level you will get an option of selling directly to the customer through various ways such as tasting rooms, wine clubs, and wine subscriptions. Such type of selling is certainly another best way to make profits in the business of vineyard for the distributors.

But because of the variability of sales tax and regulations that may differ from state to state, there may a little difference in the profit margin in the business of vineyard. However, you can straight away say that vineyard business is very lucrative in France, and no matter in which tier level you sell the vineyard it is for sure that you can make a profit of at least 2.5 to 3 times its actual cost.

You might have thought of venturing into real estate investment to expand your financial assets or have that dream beach residence or hillside cottage for the holidays. And while real estate investment may seem risky and expensive, knowing the truths about investing in vacation homes will help you jumpstart your plans in the right direction.

Here are seven myths about investing in vacation homes and the facts that will guide you in making the right buying decisions.

Myth #1: You Need to Have a Lot of Money to Invest

While having plenty of cash to buy your dream beach house or cottage by the woods is preferable, you don’t need to be rich to invest in your first vacation home.

The idea that investing in a vacation home is only for the rich stems from the risks of investing in real estate, in general. But the truth is, there are many flexible payment options and properties that suit your preferences and budget. Just be sure to have enough funds to cover the down payment and mortgage expenses when buying.

Myth #2: You Shouldn’t Buy During Peak Season

It may seem more sensible to buy a beach house or a ski lodge in advance to get cheaper deals and to avoid other interested buyers from purchasing the property you are eyeing. However, that may not always be the best decision, especially if you plan to rent out your vacation home.

Buying during the peak season gives you a clear idea of what you will need for your vacation rental home once it gets reservations left and right. Doing so also allows you to ask the seller how many rentals the vacation home gets during peak and low seasons.

Myth #3: A Regular Homeowner’s Insurance is Enough

You might think that getting a regular homeowner’s insurance is enough to protect your vacation home from disasters and other potential problems. But if you rent out the property, a homeowner’s insurance might not be enough to cover maintenance and damages.

Getting vacation rental insurance includes coverage in structure, contents, liability, and natural disaster policies. This insurance is crucial, especially if your vacation home is a renovated and remodeled foreclosed property. You wouldn’t want to continually break the bank to pay for damages, repairs, and perhaps potential lawsuits because of calamities and accidents.

Myth #4: Down Payment is Not Necessary

Buying a vacation home may require you to pay a 10% down payment or even lower depending on the terms of your loan. If you plan to rent it out, your lender may require at least 20% as down payment in buying a vacation residence.

It is also essential to talk to a savvy lender to negotiate if you can pay a downpayment according to your means. Doing so will help you reevaluate which mortgage plans won’t break your budget and which property has a strong potential of generating more income when rented out.

Myth #5: Buying a Standalone Home is the Most Lucrative Option

You might think buying a standalone home is the most lucrative option as a vacation home, but it might be more expensive in the long run due to high selling prices, maintenance, insurance fees, and tenants looking for cheaper rental rates. 

If buying a standalone home is too expensive for you, consider buying condos as they are more affordable and many of them are strategically located close to commercial hubs and other tourist attractions. With more condos being developed in these locations,  you may attract more customers and income when you rent out the property.

Myth #6: Rental Fees Cover Everything

A handful of sites like Lamudi and AirBnB have made it more convenient to rent out your properties. These platforms allow you to post pictures of your beach house, staycation condo unit, or foreclosed-house-turned-countryside-cottage for clients to see. Utilizing these platforms may help in generating a steady flow of income that will help in covering some of the costs in maintaining your rental home.

But while having a stable flow of income from your vacation home is a sign of a healthy rental home business, it is important to know that rental fees may not be enough to pay for all mortgages, maintenance, and damage repairs fees. It is best to consult a trusted real estate professional to have a clear picture of the total costs you have to shell out before renting out your property and how long it will take before your rental fees can cover the majority of the expenses.

Myth #7: Investing in a Vacation Home is Risky

Investing in a vacation home may seem risky, especially during times like the current pandemic. However, real estate has been proven a worthy and resilient investment option and maximized by investors who want to achieve economic growth. This also gives you something to leave to your kids and future generations. 

Real estate professionals say that “now is the right time to buy,” meaning there will always be an opportunity for you to purchase your ideal property. The last thing you would want is to miss out on your dream beach house or mountain lodge because you thought it would be too risky.

Investing in a vacation home doesn’t have to be difficult and a hassle. Knowing the facts from the myths of investing will help you decide which property fits your preferences and budget. It will also help you pencil out the costs that you will need to rent out your vacation home.

S1000D is the international specification for technical publications that offer the full framework to simplify and manage technical documentation with strict control at each step. It offers a streamlined process to establish, maintain, and distribute technical documentation. It is commonly used for technical publications for aviation, land, marine, and commercial equipment. Providers of technical publication services such as Sonovision are at the forefront of producing publications to this aerospace standard. Having your technical publications in S1000D offers the following benefits:

 Adjust to the Changing Needs of your Business

The S1000D standard is designed to adjust to your business needs. Whether this includes new publication specifications, new equipment, or new software and systems that require the reuse of information, the new standard offers the flexibility to publish new formats and integrate into new solutions when necessary. 

Guarantee Technical Data Accuracy

With the new standard, the approach to documentation is structured, letting you integrate quality control at each step of the process. Also, it allows your organization to track changes down to the specific word.  S1000D offers a full blueprint to control the data’s technical integrity. It is also constantly revalidated against a pre-determined set of business rules to guarantee consistency and minimize errors. The new standard makes it easy to track revisions and changes and ensure the field only receives accurate and up-to-date data. 

Minimize the Work Involved in Documentation

 S1000D allows for faster sending of mission-critical information. It eradicates content duplication, ensures related documents are always in sync, and makes maintaining a huge amount of documentation easier. As data has one source, it will automatically update in related and linked documents when you change a piece of information. This makes sure you only concentrate on the content, instead of the formatting. 

Publish Several Formats at Once

Because the format depends on the actual written content, you can publish the same text file into different outputs including PDF, hard copies, and other digital formats, as well as interactive manuals. 

Allow for Easier Integration into Existing Systems

The framework can be used for feeding other applications like digital logistics or parts catalogs. You could integrate content from various phases of a product lifecycle to minimize effort and errors or integrate content from several products to enhance reuse and decrease costs. Also, you can integrate content across organizations to improve interoperability. The use of open-source language makes it easy to communicate technical data between various systems.

 

You can take out builders risk insurance to protect your under-construction building. It is a specialized category of property insurance which is also called ‘course of construction insurance’. A building that is under construction may encounter damage and may fall, too. If you take out builders risk insurance, it will indemnify against damage to your building.

New & new construction are exploding

No matter what state you live in, almost in every state, new and new constructions are exploding as a growing state as a result of accumulative population effects. The best part about this insurance policy is that it covers your building during repair, renovation & construction, so it is not all about the construction duration.

What to do before buying this insurance policy?

Before you buy builders risk insurance, you need to know everything about the coverage you can obtain from it. After you have bought the builder’s risk insurance, the insurance company will provide you with the insurance coverage not only on the structure of the building but also the materials you will use during the construction. So, the policy is not bad and it can work for you in so many ways.

Peace of mind during the entire course of construction

The best thing that you will get is peace of mind that is above all anything else during the entire course of building construction. Despite the benefits coming from that insurance coverage, some people often misunderstand it whiles others find it a bit complex or abstruse.

The builder’s risk insurance protects your construction project

No matter what, it is very, very important to help protect your construction project so that you can have a sound sleep at night knowing you will not have to suffer a financial loss in case of damage to your building or building material from start to finish. It is not beyond the possibility that anything may cause physical damage or financial loss during the construction, repair, or renovation.